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affects their families that are left behind. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from 115 family
members of trafficked persons who have been left behind, who lodged complaints about trafficking at the
Repatriation Section of the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Sri Lanka. The results revealed that out of a total
number of 115 trafficked persons, 56 percent suffer at least one out of nine types of physical illness as a result of
four kinds of traumatic experiences that they underwent before and after migration. When trafficked persons
become physically ill due to exploitation, harassment and abuse, families that are left behind find themselves in a
stalemate. Such as families happened to send money to migrants for their medicine and happened to send tribute
money to the destination for come then back their physically ill migrants to Sri Lanka. The study suggests that policy
processes should strengthen mechanisms to reduce trafficking.

374 Migration and Bi-focality: Cultural Transformation and Transnationalism in Kerala

Sulaiman KM
International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India

Categories

5. Population Mobility (Internal and International Migration, including Refugees) and Urbanization

Abstract

Malayalee migrant doesn’t see him as part of the receiving community. Rather he sees himself as part of his home
community which foreign labor and hard currency remittances carry considerable prestige and honor. As the
migrant return from the destination he brings some kind of life that he adopted from the destination as form of
food, architecture and dressing styles. While in destination they started their own organizations, restaurants,
screening of movies and other cultural programs even newspapers in the local language. What follows the
collection of thoughts and photographs from the study, the relationship between the Kerala and the gulf one of
hundreds facing those living in the gulf but for those in Kerala it’s a daily inescapable topic, defining just about
every corner of life in the Kerala, whether you like it or not, you have to be the part of bifocality. The development
of religious fundamentalism and the Status spending and public generosity put the boundary towards
modernization of culture in these regions but the Malayalee as an individual like to live between the two cultures
and countries and feel proud about it.

346 Contraceptive Non-use among the Rohingya and Changing Dynamics in Post-
displacement to Bangladesh

2
1
SIGMA AINUL , Iqbal Ehsan , Eashita Farzana Haque , Sajeda Amin
1
1
1 Population Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Population Council, NY, USA
2
Categories

5. Population Mobility (Internal and International Migration, including Refugees) and Urbanization

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