Page 119 - 5th APA Conference Program Book Final

International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India

Categories

4. Mortality, Morbidity, Epidemiology and Causes of Death

Abstract

Though it is necessary to increase the public expenditure on health care from a policy perspective, earlier pieces
of literature gave a mixed picture. The present study revisits the effect of public health spending to reduce infant
and under-five mortality. The study investigates India's journey of public-health expenditure through health and
macroeconomic policies from (1980-2016) using four cross-sectional rounds of the National Family Health Survey.
Two-Stage Probit regression is used for the multivariate analysis, and State-level per capita gross fiscal deficit is
used as an instrument to model. Regional disparities in public health expenditures have increased over the past
years. After adjusting the other state, household, and individual variables, regression analysis explain a 1%
increase of public health expenditure (as a share of state domestic product) reduced 0.17 (95% CI: -0.22, -0.13) of
infant deaths and 0.16 (95% CI: -0.21, -0.13) of under-five deaths. Like public health spending, per capita income
has an adverse impact on infant mortality across the States. This study suggested extending bigger budgets to
lower-priority areas such as rural areas that are more likely to impact infant and under-five mortality.

514 District level variation of anemia in India, 2015-2016

Bandita Boro, Ankita Srivastava, Nandita Saikia
Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Categories

4. Mortality, Morbidity, Epidemiology and Causes of Death

Abstract

Objectives: to examine changes in haemoglobin and anaemia among men, non-pregnant women and children in
India from 2006 to 2016 at national levels, and to explore geographical variation of anaemia at district level in India.

Data & Methods: We examined changes in anaemia among men (15-49 age group) from NFHS 3 (2005) -NFHS 4
(2016) and for non-pregnant and non-lactating women (15-49 age group) and children (6-59 months) in India from
NFHS 2 (1998) to NFHS 4 (2016). We have also computed district level prevalence of anaemia for 640 Indian districts
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using the recent National Family Health Survey 4 round (NFHS-4, 2015-16). The QGIS software package to
generate the descriptive maps of prevalence of anaemia among men, women and children across 640 districts of
India over NFHS-4 rounds.

Findings and conclusion: From 1998 to 2016 in India, anemia declined but remained highly prevalent in children
and non-pregnant women, little progress was made. Stark spatial variation and manifestation of strong spatial
autocorrelation in the prevalence of anaemia across the examined districts has been seen. Tackling anemia in India
requires investments in women’s education and socioeconomic status along with continued focus on improving
health and nutrition.

213 Pathways for the outbreak of Encephalitis in the Muzaffarpur district, Bihar:
Evidence from National Family Health Survey,2015-16

Anjali Bansal, Laxmi Kant Dwivedi

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