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216 Patterns of Natural and Surgical Cessation of Menstruation in India: Evidence
from National Family Health Survey-IV
Trupti Meher
International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS), Mumbai, India
Categories
3. Fertility, Fecundity, Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights
Abstract
Menopause introduces a major change in the morbidity pattern in middle life of women. However, those women
who experience surgical menopause have long duration of exposure to severe symptoms, when compared to those
th
who undergo natural menopause. Therefore, using the data from the 4 round of National Family Health Survey
(NFHS-4), we attempted to study the variation in the levels of menopause and examines the factors associated with
natural and surgical menopause in India. Overall, approximately 16.8 percent of women aged 30-49 years were in
menopause, out of which 12.8 percent had gone through natural menopause and 4.1 percent had suffered from
surgical menopause. A noticeable fact that emerged was that the Northeastern region showed the highest
percentage of women with natural menopause whereas, on the other hand the percentage of surgical menopausal
women was lowest in this region. Results of multivariate model indicated that older age, smoking and drinking habit
and higher parity were associated with higher risk of natural menopause. Moreover, rural women, women
with higher wealth quintile, higher parity, early age at childbearing, women with smoking habit and overweight
women were more likely to experience surgical menopause.
102 Fertility and Socio-Economic Structure, The Case of Australia’s Capital Cities
Tita Tabije
The Australian National University, Canberra ACT, Australia
Categories
3. Fertility, Fecundity, Reproductive Health and Reproductive Rights
Abstract
Several studies have been undertaken to demonstrate the relationship between population and economic
development since the eighteenth century. Australia’s high level of urbanisation and distinctive urbanisation
experience compared to other developed countries, make Australia’s capital cities interesting and important to
examine. Towards the end of the 20th century, the widening of the gap in population growth rates between capital
cities combined and that of rest of states/territories combined has started. Today, the population of Australia’s
capital cities continue to grow faster than the population outside the capital cities. The much higher growth rates
in Australian cities have consequences and hence, understanding the factors affecting the different components of
population change in each city is important. In this study, the role of socio-economic structure in Total Fertility Rates
(TFR) of Australia’s capital cities will be examined. The patterns of growth and fertility in Australia’s cities will be
revisited using comparable historical data. It will then incorporate socio-economic structure in estimating TFR for
Australia’s capital cities using Bayesian Regression Modelling approach. It is hypothesized that socio-economic
structure affects fertility and the effects of socio-economic structure varies from one city to another.
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